Apr 1, 2016-2016
Macedonia
Macedonian Colorful Revolution
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
(VMRO-DPMNE) The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity
TARGET
President Gjorgje Ivanov
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Elections should be free and fair. Corrupt govt. must step down.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: In 2015, opposition leader Zoran Zaev released secret recordings which targeted over 20,000 individuals and revealed the corruption of the ministers in Macedonia. The recordings pointed to election rigging and a murder cover-up. The European Commission reported the blame lies mostly with the Prime Minister at the time, Nikola Gruevski. Anti-government protests in May 2015 were countered with pro-government rallies. Eventually, the Special Prosecutor’s Office investigated the wiretaps, resulting in Gruevski stepping down in January 2016. The public was satisfied until President Gjorge Ivanov decided to halt further investigations into the 56 other officials and businessmen involved in the scandal. In April 2016, he preemptively pardoned them. To hold these individuals and the President accountable, protests in the capital broke out. Dilemma Action: Theater producer Irena Stzeijovska asked her costume designer friend Anna Kruklj to join her protest in the capital streets. They decided the best way to nonviolently protest and take down the regime was with color. If they used color, their demonstrations could also be called art. Many activists joined their demonstration as they began to paint the streets leading up to the parliament building. While protesting, the individuals covered themselves in colorful paint from head to toe. On the eighth day of the protest, thousands of people threw colors at various governmental buildings and monuments in Skopje. The government would look silly if they reacted to the pink and yellow and blue colors being thrown at their buildings, condemning art. However, they also would look bad sitting back and letting their buildings be “vandalized.” Outcomes: On May 27, President Ivanov rescinded his previous pardons for 22 political officials. June 6 marks the day when he revoked the rest of the pardons. The protesters still waited for the actual prosecution and imprisonment of those involved in the wiretap scandal. This revolution was part of a larger campaign to hold corrupt government and political officials accountable and to ensure democratic elections in Macedonia (now North Macedonia).
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Paint as protest
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
12 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(EREP) Dilemma action got replicated by other movements
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
Artivism
Laugtivism
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Moore, Phil. 2016. “Macedonia’s colorful revolution,” Women and Girls Hub. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://theworld.org/stories/2016-08-01/macedonias-colorful-revolution).
Stojanovski, Filip. 2016. “Anatomy of a Macedonian ‘Colorful Revolution,’” Global Voices. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://globalvoices.org/2016/04/27/anatomy-of-a-macedonian-colorful-revolution/).
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