Nov 1, 1981-1987
Norway
Kampanjen Mot Verneplikt
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Kampanjen Mot Verneplikt
TARGET
Norwegian government
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Govt. should not force conscription. It should be up to the citizens to decide if they want to be conscripted. If the govt. uses coercion to make them join the military, citizens have every right to protest.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: Conscription in Norway was constitutionally established in 1907. Since then, military service has been mandatory for both men and women. In the 1980s, men began to oppose this requirement, arguing the government should not be able to force conscription. The Kampanjen Mot Verneplikt (KMV) was founded in 1981, translating to “The Campaign Against Conscription.” Most of the participants were men in the middle of their cases as ‘active resisters.’ To launch the KMV, participants burned their conscription books in 1981. Dilemma Action: In 1983, this network of anti-war objectors began to stage “jail-ins,” where they would arrive at a prison and demand that other objectors be freed or they all be jailed. To do this, they scaled the walls of the prisons by using ladders and jumped into the prison yard. The first jail-in in June 1983 was very humorous as publications released soon after were headed “They escape the wrong way.” The use of ladders to scale the prison walls was also seen as comical as it resembled a cartoon. These jail-ins continued until 1987. Some instances were more serious than others. Particularly in 1987, when the supporters demanded the release of one of their comrades on his second hunger strike. Outcome: Conscription in Norway still exists today, proving these efforts unsuccessful. However, the KMV was able to bring attention to the fight to end armies and violence across the world. Many people began to rethink the place war and violence had in society. This organization and dilemma action was part of a larger campaign to end violence, war, and conscription.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
10 / 12
(EREP) Dilemma action got replicated by other movements
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
Laugtivism
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Sorensen, Majken Jul. 2014. “Humurous Political Stunts: Nonviolent Public Challenges to Power,” University of Wollonggong Australia. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/4291/).
Sorensen, Majken Jul & Martin, Brian. 2014. “The dilemma action: analysis of an activist technique,” Peace & Change. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/14pc.html).
Sorensen, Majken Jul. 2008. “Humor as a Serious Strategy of Nonviolent Resistance to Oppression,” Wiley. February 24. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
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