Logo for canvasopedia.org
Logo TactisForChange
Dilemma Actions MapCase StudiesMethodsIndexAbout UsContact Us

Sep 13, 2018-2019

Iran

Women Attend Football

Share

ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP

Iranian women

TARGET

Conservative government; ministry of sports

WIDELY HELD BELIEF

Women like men have equal rights to gather in public sports events. Stopping them is interfering with their freedom.

CASE NARRATIVE

Issue and Opponent: Women have been banned from attending sporting events in Iranian stadiums since 1979. The Iranian government insisted on banning women from stadiums due to the vulgar insults and assaults of men during games that are unfit for women to be around.
Dilemma Action: Unable to go to football matches as women, Iranian women dressed as men to gain entry to the stadiums. They wore men’s clothing and wore or painted on fake facial hair. As they dress in men’s clothing, the women also posted videos of themselves on social media to show their defiance of the ban to the world. However, due to the poor quality of their fake facial hair and makeup, along with their long hair, the women were denied entry. This action has gained extensive coverage both in Iranian media and international media as well. While most women were discovered to be faking, one woman was able to gain entry into the stadium under the guise of being a man. Photographs of her in the stadium have gone viral on social media around the world.
Outcomes: Suspects of those who broke the ban were taken in for questioning by the police and detained overnight. A judge issued a bond for these women, however, they were not released and were transported to Qarchak prison. FIFA issued a statement calling on Iranian authorities to protect the freedom and safety of women as they protest this ban. No concessions have been made.

PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL

Civil Rights and Equality

DA TACTICS USED

Social disobedience

CASE NARRATIVE WRITER

SUCCESS METRICS

10 / 12

(EREP) Dilemma action got replicated by other movements

(MC) Media Coverage

(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists

(OR) Opponent response

(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public

(PUN) Punishment favored the activists

(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent

(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists

(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public

Laugtivism

PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN

3 / 3

Activist group continued working together after the action

Encouraged more participants to join the movement

Internally replicated by the same movement

RESOURCES

Project documentation

Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook

Case study documentation

Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset

CC BY 4.0 Deed, Attribution 4.0 International

SOURCES

https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/iran-says-presence-of-women-in-sports-events-not-advisable-2019-90105/. Accessed April 15, 2022.

Sohngen, Tess. 2017. “In Iran, Women Were Banned From Attending a Soccer Game Because They’re Women,” Global Citizen. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/iranian-women-banned-from-football-match/).


Human Rights Watch. 2019. “Iran: Women Detained, Accused of Flouting Stadium Ban: FIFA Should Enforce Nondiscrimination Rules, Secure Women’s Release,” August 16. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/08/16/iran-women-detained-accused-flouting-stadium-ban).

Related cases

Jun 1, 2011-2011

Belarus

Silent Protests

President Alyaksandr Lukashenka was re-elected in Belarus for the third time in 2011 from an election that many citizens believed was rigged. The Soviet-style economy ...

Pro-Democracy
NONVIOLENT PROTEST A...

/

Symbolic sounds
Share

Read more

Mar 1, 1956-1960

Bolivia

The opponent was President Hernan Siles Zuazo and the right-wing leaders of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement Party (MNR). The core topic was economic insolubilit...

Economic justice
Pro-Democracy
ECONOMIC NONCOOPERAT...

/

Generalized strike

Feb 1, 2021-2021

Myanmar

Issue and Opposition: On 1 February 2021, Myanmar’s democratically elected National League for Democracy (NLD) was replaced by the military junta in a coup. As the mil...

Pro-Democracy
Communications with ...

/

Slogans/caricatures/...

Subscribe to our newsletters to get full access to all materials on our website.

Logo for canvasopedia.org
Logo TactisForChange
Dilemma Actions MapCase StudiesMethodsIndexAbout UsContact Us

© 2025 Tactics4 Change. All rights reserved. Read our Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy.