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Feb 1, 2021-2021

Myanmar

Three-finger protest in Myanmar

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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP

Myanmar dissidents

TARGET

Myanmar Junta

WIDELY HELD BELIEF

Oppressive governments must resign.

CASE NARRATIVE

Issue and Opponent: Myanmar dissidents targeted Myanmar’s Military Junta. The three-finger salute was inspired by the Thai resistance movement in 2014.
Dilemma Action: The protesters demonstrated a three-finger salute when protesting on the streets of Myanmar. In the Hunger Games, the three fingers represented solidarity among dissidents against tyrant rulers. Because of its popular cultural reference among the youth, the three-finger salute has become a hot symbol of protest among the young protesters.
Outcome: The action gained popularity and a large number of dissidents started using it in their protests in Yangon. By leveraging an internationally recognizable symbol, protesters demonstrated that despite the government ban on journalists and protesters, they could get enough international attention. The three-finger salute was used during other protest movements and began with the Thai movement. Using pop culture references was a way to connect the overall struggle with the public, activists used pop culture icons like George Orwell’s novel 1984 but it was the Hunger Games sign that connected with the public. The first example of the salute used in Myanmar was when medical staff in Yangon wore protective gowns and face masks and raised the salute as a sign of support for Aung San Suu Ski.

PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL

Pro-Democracy
Self-determination / Independence

DA TACTICS USED

Alternative communication system

CASE NARRATIVE WRITER

SUCCESS METRICS

7 / 12

(MC) Media Coverage

(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists

(OR) Opponent response

(PUN) Punishment favored the activists

(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent

(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists

(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public

PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN

2 / 3

Encouraged more participants to join the movement

Internally replicated by the same movement

RESOURCES

Project documentation

Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook

Case study documentation

Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset

CC BY 4.0 Deed, Attribution 4.0 International

SOURCES

Quinley, Caleb. 2021. “Three-finger salute: Hunger Games symbol adopted by Myanmar protesters,” The Guardian. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/08/three-finger-salute-hunger-games-symbol-adopted-by-myanmars-protesters).


Cogan, Mark S. 2021. “Understanding the three-finger salute from Thailand to Myanmar,” Thai Enquirer. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://www.thaienquirer.com/23831/understanding-the-three-finger-salute-from-thailand-to-myanmar/).

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