May 5, 1944-1944
El Salvador
Strike of Fallen Arms
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Salvadoran Citizens
TARGET
The Salvadoran Governemnt; President Martinez
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Elections should be held regularly.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: In April of 1944, after President Martinez suspended the constitution and declared he would serve a third term without elections taking place, students organized a general strike that crippled most of the economy and civil society.
Dilemma Action: Students organizing the strike called for hospitals, courts, public works, and transportation services to join and effectively shut down the country. In addition, students handed out typed flyers in a chain letter fashion, and each recipient was to create and distribute ten more. Ultimately, bus and taxi drivers joined in, schools shut down, and organizing committees were formed. Other professionals, such as dentists, pharmacists, lawyers, and engineers were also part of the general strike.
Outcome: President Martinez stepped down four days later, as martial law was being disobeyed and he was losing control over the country. The general strike completely paralyzed Salvadoran society until he was deposed. Martinez had to flee to Guatemala, where he would stay in exile.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
General strike
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
9 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(EREP) Dilemma action got replicated by other movements
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
2 / 3
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/el-salvador0944/. Accessed April 15, 2022.
EcuRed. “Huelga de Brazos Caidos (El Salvador),” Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://www.ecured.cu/Huelga_de_Brazos_Ca%C3%ADdos_(El_Salvador)).
Elsalvador.com. 2018. La Huelga de Brazos Caidos que hizo Renunciar a un Presidente,” May 2. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/476979/la-huelga-de-brazos-caidos-que-hizo-renunciar-a-un-presidente.html).
Our Campaigns. “Hernandez Martinez, Maximiliano,” Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=122596).
http://www.marini-escritos.unam.mx/274_el_salvador_huelga_general.html. Accessed April 15, 2022.
Prendes Caceres, Jorge. 1975. “Mitos y Palabras: El Expresidente del Juicio Militar contra los Alzados del Dos de April de 1944 en El Salvador,” Dialnet. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6809521).
Lakey, George. 2012. “Central Americans vs. U.S. Empire– the Nonviolent Legacy,” Waging Nonviolence: People Powered News & Analysis, July 10. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://wagingnonviolence.org/2012/07/central-americans-vs-u-s-empire-the-nonviolent-legacy/).
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