Issue and Opponent: The UK had decided to indefinitely suspend aid to Malawi, resulting in the country experiencing worsening fuel shortages, rising prices, and high unemployment. This resulted in the demands for President Bingu wa Mutharika to step down, as he has been referred to as autocratic and intolerant to criticism. Young men took to the streets of the capital to protest. The protestor’s grievances were listed in a 15-page petition with 20 demands. Civil societies, NGOs, religious groups, and student groups chose July 20, 2011, as the day to protest for economic and political reforms.
Dilemma Action: Mass anti-government protests began in major cities. Protestors wore red shirts, called themselves the “Red Army for Democracy and Peace,” sang the national anthem, gave speeches, and waved the old Malawi flag. The protestors participated in strikes and demonstrations throughout this time. The protestors waved the old Malawi flag because it was banned by the Mutharika government. The government had the option of allowing the protestors to engage in both behaviors or exert what would be perceived as unnecessary force. Ultimately, the police violently cracked down on anyone wearing red clothing or waving the flag. Due to the crackdown, the protests, which were only scheduled for July 21, were extended. Riot police were sent in as reinforcements. Protestors warned that protests would continue with the goal of ending Mutharika’s regime, but he refused to back down and instead threatened the protestors further.
Outcomes: Mutharika fired his cabinet and rehired all new members. While no official reason was given for this move, many thought it was in response to the protests and frozen international aid. He also hired a new chief of the army. President Mutharika remained in power, and his brother was elected in 2014.