May 1, 2007-2007
United States of America
Ku Klux Clowns, Anti-KKK Protests in Knoxville
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Local Residents; Coup Clutz Clowns
TARGET
Neo-Nazis/White Supremacists
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Demonstrations of hate should not be presented, especially publicly, and such activities are not welcome in that community.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: In May 2007, a group of white supremacists from across the United States, including members of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), an American hate group, converged on Knoxville, Tennesse, for a rally, displaying acts of racism and hate-filled messages. These extreme right groups use these spaces to reproduce the message of White Power, and recruit new members into their movement Dilemma Action: In response, locals met hatred with humor, showing up with an army of clowns, stilts, unicycles, red-noses, and counter-slogans all included. They far outnumbered the white supremacists. They replaced “‘white power'” with “‘white flour’,” then proceeded to arm themselves with bags of flour and throw it all over each other. A second group later corrected that it was actually “‘white flower’,” and then a new group of clowns ran around the streets gifting white flowers to everyone they met, including rally participants. Finally, a group of clowns corrected the phrase to ”wife power'” and proceeded to chant that. The media attention focused on the clowns, not the neo-Nazis, and several of the rally participants were disarmed by the distraction. The rally ended early, while the clown contagion carried on with messages of love and laughter, drowning out the hate. Outcome: The white supremacist group was outmatched, upstaged, and overwhelmed, deciding to end the activities hours earlier than expected. The group of clowns continued their march and even though the police were present, they only peacefully escorted them.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Performances of plays and music
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
11 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(EREP) Dilemma action got replicated by other movements
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
Laugtivism
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Clainorne, Shane. 2012. “KU KLUX CLOWNS,” Sojourners. Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://sojo.net/articles/ku-klux-clowns).
Clainorne, Shane. 2012. “KU KLUX CLOWNS in East Tennessee,” Patheos. Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://www.patheos.com/blogs/faithforward/2012/10/ku-klux-clowns-in-east-tennessee/).
Freeman-Woolpert, Sarah. 2017. “Clowns against (Nazi) Clowns,” Actipedia. Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://actipedia.org/project/clowns-against-nazi-clowns).
Freeman-Woolpert, Sarah. 2017. “Why Nazis are so afraid of these clowns,” Waging Nonviolence. Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://wagingnonviolence.org/2017/08/nazis-afraid-clowns/).
LaMotte, David. “White Flour,” White Flour Book. Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://www.whiteflourbook.com/).
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