Aug 16, 1992-1992
Brazil
Funeral for Collor Protests
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Supporters of the Movement for Ethics in Politics (MEP); Caras Pintadas
TARGET
The Government of President Fernando Collor de Mello
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Government funds should not be used for the President’s personal expenses.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: On May 10, 1992, President Collor’s brother revealed Fernando Collor’s involvement in a peddling scheme during a magazine interview. On August 16, President Collor called for his supporters to wear the colors of the national flag, green and yellow.
Dilemma Action: Instead, opposition protestors showed up to the rally, outnumbering Collor’s supporters, wearing all-black clothing with their faces painted black. They paraded through Sao Paulo in black as a sign of mourning for the corruption of the Collor government. This initial march of mourning led to a second action on August 25 where protestors performed a mock burial of the Collor government. In this case, protestors painted their faces or dressed up as phantoms, prison inmates, rats, and the dragon of inflation to further set themselves apart from the national identity of Collor’s supporters.
Outcome: This demonstration pressured Collor’s regime into releasing an inquiry report on August 26. The report showed proof of the President using his campaign funds to pay for his expenses. Protestors then started a petition for his removal.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Mock funerals
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
11 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
Artivism
Laugtivism
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Irwin, Jamie. 2015. “Brazilians drive out corrupt President – 1992,” Global Nonviolent Action Database, February 15. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilians-drive-out-corrupt-president-1992).
Flynn, Peter. 1993. “Collor, Corruption and Crisis: Time for Reflection,” Journal of Latin American Studies. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/158161).
LA TIMES Archives. 1992. “Brazilians Dress in Black to ‘Mourn’ Corrupt Government,” Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-17-mn-5147-story.html).
Blount, Jeb. 1992. “Brazilians Rally for President’s Impeachment,” Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-19-mn-601-story.html).
BBC World Service Witness History. 1992. “Brazil Protests: Caras Pintadas,” Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01f89yv).
Weyland, Kurt. 1993. “The Rise and Fall of President Collor and Its Impact on Brazilian Democracy,” JSTOR. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/166101).
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